--- title: "Issue 1 (2020)" --- # Issue 1 (2020) ## About the authors 01-2020 Information about our authors. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/about-the-authors-01-2020.md) ## On “The Speech in Modern Bulgarian Society” from Assoc. Prof. Nadezhda Stalyanova ![“The Speech in Modern Bulgarian Society” from Assoc. Prof. Nadezhda Stalyanova](https://modern-linguistics.eu/images/articles/20260103-Rech-Nadejda.jpg)   Presentation of the book by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nadezhda Stalyanova "On Speech in Contemporary Bulgarian Society"; Paradigma Publishing House, Sofia, 2020. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/on-the-speech-in-modern-bulgarian-society-from-assoc-prof-nadezhda-stalyanova.md) ## On Challenges of Modern Translation from Elena Krejcova ![Elena Krejchova's book, Translation and its Challenges, Paradigma, Sofia, 2020](https://modern-linguistics.eu/images/articles/20260103-Prevod-Elena.jpg)   Presentation of Elena Krejchova's book, Translation and its Challenges, Paradigma, Sofia, 2020. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/on-challenges-of-modern-translation-from-elena-krejcova.md) ## Interview with Bulgarian journalist and TV presenter Victoriya Petrova: Every journalist has to read extensively Interview with journalist and TV presenter Viktoria Petrova about language, language norms, journalistic morality. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website.   [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/interview-with-bulgarian-journalist-and-tv-presenter-victoriya-petrova-every-journalist-has-to-read-extensively.md) ## The Bulgarian writer Mariya Stankova: If all of us start speaking alike and thinking in alike patterns, we will make God angry and he will tear down the Babel Tower called globalism Interview with writer Maria Stankova about the Bulgarian language, creativity, globalism. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/the-bulgarian-writer-mariya-stankova-if-all-of-us-start-speaking-alike-and-thinking-in-alike-patterns-we-will-make-god-angry-and-he-will-tear-down-the-babel-tower-called-globalism.md) ## Names in Internationa Linguistics: Prof. Guglielmo Cinque **Would you please share with our journal readers the most vivid memories from your high school years?** I attended one of the two classical high schools of my home town, Venice, in the ‘60s. I remember getting interested in the study of language by noting, with my surprise, the similarity of many words of Ancient Greek and Latin, which I was studying, and which it was known did not derive one from the other. This sparked my interest in the historical study of language.   **When and how did you find out that linguistics is your professional area?** At the University in Padua, where I enrolled to study classics with the already clear intent of specializing in historical, diachronic, linguistics. There I discovered the synchronic study of language pursued in XIX century structural linguistics and Chomsky’s generative theory of language, which opened up new and highly interesting perspectives. I have since remained faithful to the generative theory of language.   **In your opinion, what is the future of linguistics from a worldwide perspective? What are the current tendencies?** It is difficult to say how the field will develop, but I think that the two main trends in linguistics today, the formal generative study of language, originated with Noam Chomsky in the late ‘50s, and the descriptive-typological approach to the languages of the world, originated with Joseph Greenberg at about the same time, will come closer to each other and perhaps establish, for the first time, a unified theory of language, shared by the community of researchers. But that will require some years.   **Do you think that the language picture of the world, specific to the different nations (similar to the case with morphology), has its influence on the syntactic structures of the different languages? For example, it is believed that the null-subject constructions, typical for Slavonic languages express the unwillingness of taking responsibility. Can generative syntax respond to such statements?** It is most unlikely, because verbal inflections still unequivocally indicate the person features of the null (pronominal) subjects (for example, *ne go haresvam*‘I don’t like him’). In fact, the possibility for a language to have null subjects is a formal grammatical condition and as such cannot be related to any extralinguistic factors. Verbal inflections need to formally distinguish at least 3/4 persons, although this is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition.   **Thanks to your beneficial cooperation with your wife prof. Krapova you got familiar with the Bulgarian language. Which of its specific phenomena deserve to be explored according to you?** Bulgarian is a fascinating language for a linguist to study in detail because of its syntactic intricacies. Among others I would like to enumerate a few grammatical phenomena which have received significant attention by many international scholars, but which still resist a complete understanding; for example the so-called *broina forma*, the clitic second constraint (which is similar, though not identical, to the proclitic/enclitic syntax of the Ancient Romance languages), the remnants of head final structures as in the internal order between proper nouns and common nouns in combinations like for example *mart mesec*‘March’*,*alongside *mesec mart*, or *osem*č*asa*‘8 o’clock’, or červen *cvjat kosa*‘red hair’ alongside *kosa*červen *cvjat,*and *kosa cvjat*červen).   **Is there a tacit “battle” between the dependency syntax and the generative syntax of N. Chomsky. What is your opinion? What is your attitude to those “conflict zones” between the dependency and constituency? Is there a trade-off between these scientific paradigms?** I think both constituency and dependency need to be represented in any syntactic theory. So, in this sense, there should be no conflict between the two approaches, which actually complement each other. Where conflict arises is in the more general, philosophical, assumptions that often accompany the theories. The Chomskian generative theory assumes the existence of an innate Universal Grammar (so-called narrow syntax) underlying all languages (but the same assumption is made by traditional scholars) and an essential part of the cognitive make-up of the human mind. Most Dependency theories do not.   **How would you describe your theory to a non-specialist?** Within the generative theory my own project is to find out and describe in detail the fine structure of the clause and of its major phrases (in particular the nominal phrase). I pursue this project by comparing genetically unrelated languages. This endeavor is sometime referred to as the ‘cartographic project’ within Chomskian linguistics.   **What are your wishes to the readers of the “Contemporary Linguistics” journal?** It is important to compare different approaches to the study of language in order to form one’s own opinion concerning the theory which provides the best analytical tools for the linguistic domain that one wants to investigate. There is no a priori way to decide but to try them out, and understand what implications each has.   *The questions were prepared by: Prof. Petya Osenova, Assoc. Prof. Krasimira Chakarova and Assoc. Prof. Vladislav Milanov* [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/names-in-internationa-linguistics-prof-guglielmo-cinque.md) ## Prof. Dr Habil Vladko Murdarov: I think the better part of the people do not realize what does it mean to have good language skills Interview with Prof. Dr. habil Vladko Murdarov about his life, the language and linguistics. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/prof-dr-habil-vladko-murdarov-i-think-the-better-part-of-the-people-do-not-realize-what-does-it-mean-to-have-good-language-skills.md) ## On Some Problems of Use of Fully Marked Lexem in Serbian and Bulgarian Language **Abstract:**The aim of this text is to point out some of the most frequent consistencies regarding the use of gendermarked lexemes in Serbian and Bulgarian, comparing the existence or lack of certain forms.Thetext presents examples in which misunderstandings can occur due to formally the same or similar composition of lexemes in Serbian and Bulgarian.Special attention is paid to gender-marked lexemes in which occurs interlingual homonymy, which can be a serious problem for language competence and can cause difficulties in the learning process. **Keywords:**Gender-marked lexemes, Serbian, Bulgarian, interlingual homonymy, polysemy. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/on-some-problems-of-use-of-fully-marked-lexem-in-serbian-and-bulgarian-language.md) ## The Willow and the Flowers in Christian Culture. The Fest of Palm Sunday. **Abstract:**Both in Western and Eastern churches the Palm Sunday is celebrated by the blessing and distribution of willow branches and flowers representing the palm branches. The paper provides data that the first written evidences of using willow branches and flowers are presented in two Bulgarian manuscripts: Codex Suprasliensis (Cyrillic manuscript from the middle of 10-th century) and Euchologium Sinaiticum (Glagolitic manuscript from 11-th century). This is a modest, but important still unknown contribution of the old Bulgarian literary tradition to studies on the history of European Christian culture. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/the-willow-and-the-flowers-in-christian-culture-the-fest-of-palm-sunday.md) ## On Translation in Bulgarian of Some Phrases of Turkish Origin from “The Damned Yard” of Ivo Andric **Abstract:**The paper analyzes the translation of Turcism in Ivo Andrić’s work “The Damned Yard” into Bulgarian. In the works of this narrator, an extensive number of turismo is noticeable, in order to highlight particularly important socio-historical events or celebrities in a recognizable and universal way. The aim of the paper is to systematize the way in which the Turcisms from the mentioned Andrić literary work were translated into Bulgarian. Considering the linguistic closeness of the Serbian and Bulgarian languages, as well as the same period of time spent under Ottoman rule, it is assumed that similar influence and linguistic interference will be observed among the languages mentioned. **Key words**: Turkish, Serbian, Bulgarian, Ivo Andriћ, Cursed Avliya, translation. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/on-translation-in-bulgarian-of-some-phrases-of-turkish-origin-from-the-damned-yard-of-ivo-andric.md) ## Nature and Behaviour of Grammatical Gender of Nouns for Animals **Abstract**: Nouns named animals have not been studied in depth because of the great interest in exploring the nature of the grammatical gender of nouns for persons. Their behavior can be determined as similar in the process of gender assignment as regards the semantic component sex to the names for persons due to the close relationships between human beings and animals. **Key words**: grammatical gender, sex, nature and behavior, nouns for animal. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/nature-and-behaviour-of-grammatical-gender-of-nouns-for-animals.md) ## Modernizing Function of Obituary in Bulgarian Renaissance Period **Abstract:**The periodical press, which appeared in the middle of the 19th century in Bulgaria, became a unique tribune, which unleashed the potential and the newly acquired by modern Bulgarians knowledge and philosophy. In addition to the normativity of language debate, our national revivalists are aware of the need for discussion on many other topics. The church struggles are zealously discussed, a model of the „ideal revival“ is imposed, the saints are replaced by enlighteners who live nationand not god-willigly. It was at this time that the first obituaries and posthumous words appear in Bulgarian periodicals. **Keywords:**obituaries, periodical press, revivalist, posthumous words, Bulgarian Renaissance. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/modernizing-function-of-obituary-in-bulgarian-renaissance-period.md) ## Some derived nouns with the suffix -икъ/-ик/-ík in the Old Slavonic, Bulgarian and Czech languages with an unexpressed predicate in their predicate-argument structure **Abstract:**In the paper we analyse some derived nouns with the suffix *-*икъ*/-*ик*/-*ík in the Old Slavonic, Bulgarian and Czech languages, which have an unexpressed predicate in their predicate-argument structure. Our analysis is based on the model, used by Stanisław Karolak in Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Składnia, developed and applied to Bulgarian material in the field of syntax by Małgorzata Korytkowska in the 5th volume of The Bulgarian-Polish Contrastive Grammar and in the field of word formation by Viara Maldjieva in the 9th volume of The Bulgarian-Polish Contrastive Grammar. **Keywords:***word formation, predicate-argument structures, unexpressed predicate, nouns, suffix -*икъ*/-*ик*/-*ík. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/some-derived-nouns-with-the-suffix-ik-ik-ik-in-the-old-slavonic-bulgarian-and-czech-languages-with-an-unexpressed-predicate-in-their-predicate-argument-structure.md) ## Analysis of “Invocation” in Slovenian Translation of “Pan Tadeusz” of Rozka Stefan **Abstract.**Pan Tadeusz, as one of the most important poems in the Polish history, has been already translated into over 30 languages. Among these languages, there is also Slovenian. Because of the sophisticated vocabulary and characteristic structure of the poem, the process of translation into another language was very time-consuming and demanding. This article contains a linguistic analysis of the Slovenian translation of Invocation – the first fragment of the first book of Pan Tadeusz, which is highly recognizable. The article also shows the techniques used by Slovenian translator Rozka Stefan, so as the differences between two versions of translation, that were published in the time of seven years. **Keywords**: translation, linguistics, Slovenian, poetry, linguistics analysis. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/analysis-of-invocation-in-slovenian-translation-of-pan-tadeusz-of-rozka-stefan.md) ## The Use of Conclusive in Journalist Texts **Abstract.**This paper is focused on the use of inferential (conclusive) evidential forms in journalistic texts in Bulgarian. As will be discussed, these forms suit the needs of this specific context where for they mark the information as indirect (secondhand) but direct. On the base of the analyzed data I was not able to formulate any specific restriction on the use of inferential forms; however some particular meanings form as a result. In the first part some preliminary concepts will be discussed and in the second some empiric data will be analyzed. **Keywords:**evidentiality, inferential evidential, Bulgarian conclusive, journalist text. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/the-use-of-conclusive-in-journalist-texts.md) ## Specifics of the Occupation of Court Translator in the Czech Republic **Abstract:**The text presents the specifics of the profession of court translator and interpreter. Court translatoura and interpreters are persons authorized by the state to translate and legalize official documents, and the translation texts themselves, which are assigned to the court interpreter, are extremely heterogeneous in nature. **Кeywords:**translation, court interpreting and translation. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/specifics-of-the-occupation-of-court-translator-in-the-czech-republic.md) ## Cognition and Syntax **Abstract:**The article has for a subject the cognitive approach in linguistics in general and in syntax in particular. An overview is offered to the theses on specifics of application of the method of cognitive congruity in syntax as cognitive revision of definitive attributes of sentence and hence - of sentence paradigm. The variability of sentence paradigm is looked into from the point of view of cognitivism and the metalanguage is presented its referential part along with punctuation. **Keywords:**cognitive congruity, metalanguage, modus. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/cognition-and-syntax.md) ## The Old Bulgarian Translation of the Texts of Athanasius of Alexandria against the Arians in the Context of the Historical Records **Abstract**The article discusses the Old Bulgarian text of Athanasius of Alexandria’s Orations Against the Arians, translated by Konstantin of Preslav in 906 on the order of Tsar Simeon. The emergence of the translation is explored in the context of Gothic Arianism as well as one important statement by Walahfdrid Strabo (German monk and theological writer, 808/809–849) in his book Libellus de exordiis et incrementis quat’undam in observationibus ecclesiasticis rerum. In Strabo’s words around the year 840 “the liturgy was celebrated among certain people of the Scythians, especially the inhabitants of Tomis (today Constanta, Romania) in their language”. His information reveals that in pagan Bulgaria, not far away from the capital city of Pliska, there lived Arian Goths, who had sacred books and forms of worship in Gothic language, and most likely, they posed a real threat to newly Christianized Bulgaria for a few more decades. **Keywords**: bishop Konstantin of Preslav (9th–10th c.); Orations Against the Arians; Athanasius of Alexandria (296/298–373); Walahfdrid Strabo (808/809–849); Arian Goths. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/the-old-bulgarian-translation-of-the-texts-of-athanasius-of-alexandria-against-the-arians-in-the-context-of-the-historical-records.md) ## Preliminary words 01-2020 The first issue of the journal for 2020 once again challenges young linguist researchers to present their first scientific research and claim territory in the field of linguistics. This article is only available in Bulgarian. Please see it on our website. [Read more...](https://modern-linguistics.eu/issue-1-2020/preliminary-words-01-2020.md)